UV Filter

Hoya filters provide additional benefits of correction for Ultraviolet(UV) light which can register on film and videotape as a bluish cast and can obscure distant details

If desired they can be left on the lens at all times for protection

Circular Polarizer

This filter eliminates ultraviolet rays to remove haze from outdoor shots as well as polarizing the light to remove reflections, and increase color saturation, without affecting the overall color balance

Neutral Density Filters Have Four Main Uses

To enable slow shutter speeds to be used, especially with high speed films, to record movement in subjects such as waterfalls, clouds, or cars

To decrease depth of field by allowing wider apertures to be used, which helps separate subjects from their background

To decrease the effective ISO of high speed film (above ISO 400) and allow it to be used outdoors in bright situations

To allow cine and video cameras (which have fixed shutter speeds) to film subjects such as snow, sand or other bright scenes which could cause overexposure

Neutral Density Factors

2x = ND.3 (exposure adjustment = 1 stop, reduces ISO 1/2)

4x = ND.6 (exposure adjustment = 2 stops, reduces ISO 1/4)

8x = ND.9 (exposure adjustment = 3 stops, reduces ISO 1/8)